Adrenal tumors in children

Endocrine tumors of the adrenal glands in children and adolescents are a rare but serious condition. Timely recognition and treatment at a specialized center significantly increase the chances of a successful outcome. Through our cooperation with leading pediatric facilities, we offer comprehensive care based on the most modern diagnostics.

What Parents Should Know

Our center, in cooperation with the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology at Motol University Hospital and the Children's Clinic at Olomouc University Hospital, provides comprehensive care for children and adolescents with adrenal tumors. Although these are rare diseases, they can be serious and require the collaboration of experienced specialists.

What tumors occur in children?

The adrenal glands can be affected by several types of tumors in children. Among the most common are:

  • Neuroblastoma
    The most common solid tumor in children outside the brain. It often manifests through changes in urine due to increased levels of certain substances.
  • Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
    These tumors produce hormones called catecholamines, which can cause high blood pressure, heart palpitations, or excessive sweating. These tumors are often hereditary.
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC)
    A rare malignant tumor that can produce hormones such as cortisol or androgens. In children, it may manifest, for example, through premature puberty or typical signs of Cushing's syndrome. ACC is sometimes hereditary (e.g., as part of Li-Fraumeni syndrome).

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Not sure how to proceed?

Every health problem has its own context. If you are hesitant about what is best for you, arrange a consultation. Our doctors will walk you through the situation and recommend a course of action that makes sense — professionally, sensitively, without unnecessary stress.

Why is genetic testing important?

A hereditary cause is common with these tumors. Therefore, genetic testing is recommended for every child, as it can help us better understand the disease and choose the most appropriate treatment.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms depend on the type of tumor. They may include high blood pressure, heart palpitations, sudden mood swings, signs of early puberty, or unusual changes in physical appearance. Each type of tumor manifests itself a little differently.

How are tumors diagnosed?

  • Imaging methods
    We most often use CT (computed tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), frequently with the administration of a contrast agent, to better visualize the extent of the tumor.
  • PET scan
    Some tumors are highly active and “light up” during a specialized examination known as an FDG PET scan.
  • Biopsy
    Tumor sampling for microscopic examination is generally not performed for these types of tumors. Exceptions are made only in very rare cases, such as when lymphoma is suspected.

How is treatment performed?

Treatment depends on the specific type of tumor and the child's overall condition. The most common approach is surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy may also be required.

Where should treatment take place?

Because these tumors are rare and often aggressive, the child should always be treated at a specialized center by experienced professionals who have expertise in these specific diagnoses.

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