Adrenal glands not working properly? Warning Signs You Shouldn't Ignore

Introduction:
When a doctor recommends an adrenal exam on a routine examination or based on symptoms, for most people it means a step into the unknown. But there is no cause for concern — the whole process is usually quick, painless and thorough. In this article, we will look at how the examination of the adrenal glands takes place, what methods are used and what everything can reveal.

1. Reason for examination

The doctor may recommend an examination of the adrenal glands for example:

• in the case of an “incidentaloma” (an accidental lesion during CT/MR examination),
• with unclear symptoms (fatigue, high pressure, weight changes),
• when suspected of a hormone-active tumor,
• in patients with a genetic predisposition.

2. Basic Biochemical Examinations

First of all, the levels of hormones that the adrenal glands produce are assessed. The most common tests include:

• Cortisol (in blood, urine, saliva): the presence of Cushing's syndrome.
• Aldosterone and renin: when suspected of primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome).
• Catecholamines and metanephrines: when suspected pheochromocytoma.
• DHEAS and androgens: especially in women with virilization.

3. Imaging methods

The following are used to locate and characterize the findings:

• CT (computed tomography): detailed view of the structure of the adrenal glands.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): suitable for unclear or minor foci.
• FDG PET: functional method, often used in case of suspicion of malignancy.

4. Assessment of hormonal activity

Any tumor can be “silent” or active. Therefore, functional examinations are supplemented according to the type of finding -- and the result decides whether surgery, follow-up or further treatment is necessary.

5. When are genetic tests done

If the finding is typical for any of the genetically determined syndromes (e.g. pheochromocytoma, ACC), a genetic examination is recommended, often also in close relatives.

6. What next?

The results of all tests are evaluated by a team of specialists — endocrinologist, radiologist, or surgeon or oncologist. In specialized centers (e.g. ours), you can be sure that you will be looked at by a team with many years of experience with these findings.

Conclusion:
Examination of the adrenal glands is not a reason for panic. Today's medicine has very precise tools to determine whether a finding is harmless or requires further treatment. The key is timely apprehension and expert guidance.